Long-Term (2003–2019) Air Quality, Climate Variables, and Human Health Consequences in Dhaka, Bangladesh

Long-term trends in air quality by studying the criteria pollutants (PM 2.5 , PM 10 CO, O 3 NO 2 and SO ) climate variables (temperature, surface pressure, relative humidity) were depicted this study. The 17-year (2003–2019) average values of 88.69 ± 9.76 μg/m 124.57 12.75 0.69 0.06 ppm, 51.42 1.82 ppb, 14.87 2.45 8.76 2.07 respectively. among ambient increasingly significant ( p < 0.05) except for with slopes 1.83 0.15 /year, 2.35 0.24 0.01 0.002 ppm/year, 0.47 0.03 ppb/year, 0.40 0.02 ppb/year Pearson correlations revealed a association while noteworthy correlation was observed between temperature. Principal component analysis (PCA) positive matrix factorization (PMF) have been employed collectively to examine main sources pollutants. PCA similar PMs as well being equally distributed variables. PMF receptor modeling resulted attributing four factors inferred from signified vehicular emissions, road/soil dust, biomass burning, industrial emissions. hazard quotient (HQ) not antagonistic (HQ 1) acute exposure levels three age groups (infants, children, adults) showing health risk > chronic infants children. Children are identified worst sufferers groups, which points low breathing high traffic pollution Dhaka, Bangladesh.